| Navajo
artist Alice Cling was born around 1946 in a hogan at Cow Springs,
in the Tonalea section of Arizona. Her pots, embellished with the
traditional thin coat of pitch, are deceptively simple. Their lasting
beauty comes from her unusual use of clay and from the striking
colors caused by outdoor firing.
Alice learned how to make pottery from her mother, Rose Williams,
an innovative Navajo potter who had been trained by her aunt,
Grace Barlow, who had raised Rose at Shonto. Grace, Rose, and
Alice have been the inspiration for many Navajo potters who have
recently tried to make pottery for the "market." Navajo
clay-work for hundreds of years was made for domestic or ceremonial
use only. No railroad stations or museums existed in this vast,
sparsely populated desert landscape to spark a demand for tourist
goods or for scholarly endeavors that would bring the art of potters
to the fore.
After graduating from an Indian school, Alice married Jerry Cling.
They have four children who make pottery now, too. The family
digs the brown-firing clay from a special place near Black Mesa,
screens it to eliminate impurities, and mixes it with sand for
temper and with water to make it workable. Alice's particularly
unusual aesthetic contribution to the Navajo pottery renaissance
is the magnificent coloration she achieves on the softly burnished
and lightly pitch-coated surfaces of her forms.
Alice says that these elegant, gracefully austere forms did not
come to her easily. Her first pots twenty years ago were "so
ugly" that she vowed to keep shaping and polishing her clay
"until it was beautiful." She applies an iron bearing
slip to the finished dry clay form and polishes the surface with
a riverwashed stone or a Popsicle stick. She says that some women
use corncobs to burnish. The chemistry of the clay body and the
clay slip, the atmosphere in the fire, and the ash that falls
onto the pots from the juniper wood combine to produce the red-orange-purple-brown-black
blushes that enhance the unusual veneer of Alice's pots. Through
trial and error, she has developed her own techniques.
Alice applies a light coating of warm pitch to the warm pots
after firing, and burnishes that down to a distinctive low sheen.
Usually her pots are totally undecorated except for the natural
pigmentation from the clay and the fire. Many traditional Navajo
storage jars have a biyo, a beaded necklace around the shoulder
of a vessel made from a textured coil of the same clay. Alice
does not like to use decorations because her grandmother disapproved
of using the traditional designs on nonutilitarian wares. Instead,
Alice allows the beautiful pigmentation to serve as the decoration,
thus forging an original path for the works she creates.
Several of Alice's jars were chosen by Joan Mondale for use in
the vice president's house in Washington, D.C., during their tenure,
along with the art of other contemporary American craftpersons.
Alice has taken numerous awards at Flagstaff and Santa Fe Indian
fairs and powwows. Alice's work is unmistakably Navajo but has
flair that sets it apart from any other Indian pottery being produced
today.
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